12. If Charles Darwin were to sit down to debate Jean-Baptiste Lamarck, which one of the following?

Answer C looks like the most reasonable answer. In contrast to what Darwin believed, Lamarck believed that the traits an organism acquired in its lifetime could be ped down to its offspring, which is false. In addition, Darwin's theory of natural selection cannot drive evolution by planning or creating new future traits, but instead it drives evolution by selecting for current traits that make organisms more advantageous in their specific environments.